On 29 March 2016, FINA conducted an out-of-competition doping control test on the swimmer, Vitaly Melnikov (RUS). The athlete was tested positive to the substance Growth Hormone (Class S.2 Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics).

The FINA Doping Panel decided according to the FINA DC Rule DC 10.7.1(c) and 10.2.1 to impose on the athlete a period of eight (8) years’ ineligibility, starting on 22 April 2016 and ending at the conclusion of the 21 April 2024 for his second anti-doping rule violation.
Furthermore, the FINA Doping Panel decided that all results achieved by the athlete on or after 29 March 2016 shall be annulled together with the consequences thereof (forfeiture of medals/prizes, reimbursement of prize money).